Background of the Study
Deforestation in Ikom has led to profound changes in the landscape, with significant consequences for archaeological remains. The removal of forest cover exposes archaeological sites to increased erosion, temperature fluctuations, and direct human interference (Anya, 2023). Recent studies have documented that deforestation not only accelerates the physical degradation of material remains but also disrupts the stratigraphic integrity essential for accurate archaeological interpretation (Okoro, 2024). The clearing of vegetation has resulted in heightened soil erosion, which washes away surface artifacts and undermines subsurface features. In addition, the loss of natural cover facilitates the unauthorized extraction of artifacts, further compromising site integrity (Udo, 2025). By examining the interplay between deforestation and archaeological degradation, this study aims to elucidate the mechanisms through which environmental change impacts cultural heritage. Integrating remote sensing data with ground-based archaeological surveys, the research will assess the rate of deterioration and propose conservation measures that balance environmental management with heritage preservation.
Statement of the Problem
Archaeological remains in Ikom are increasingly at risk due to extensive deforestation. The loss of forest cover accelerates erosion and exposes sites to environmental and human-induced disturbances, leading to the irreversible loss of valuable cultural data. Inadequate enforcement of environmental regulations and limited conservation resources exacerbate the situation, creating an urgent need for effective mitigation strategies. This study seeks to document the impact of deforestation on archaeological remains and to propose actionable solutions to preserve these irreplaceable cultural assets (Okon, 2023).
Objectives of the Study:
To document the extent of deforestation and its impact on archaeological sites.
To analyze erosion processes affecting material remains.
To propose conservation strategies that mitigate deforestation impacts.
Research Questions:
How does deforestation affect the preservation of archaeological remains in Ikom?
What are the primary mechanisms through which deforestation accelerates site degradation?
Which conservation measures can best protect affected sites?
Research Hypotheses:
Deforestation significantly increases the rate of archaeological site degradation.
Erosion resulting from vegetation loss is a major factor in artifact deterioration.
Targeted conservation measures can mitigate the adverse effects of deforestation.
Significance of the Study
This study is crucial for understanding the adverse impacts of deforestation on archaeological remains. It provides evidence-based recommendations for heritage conservation amidst environmental change, guiding policymakers and conservationists. The findings will contribute to more sustainable land management practices in Ikom, safeguarding cultural heritage for future generations (Ekanem, 2024).
Scope and Limitations of the Study:
The study is limited to the impact of deforestation on archaeological remains in Ikom Local Government Area and does not extend to urban or industrial impacts.
Definitions of Terms:
Deforestation: The removal of forest cover leading to environmental degradation.
Archaeological Remains: Artifacts and features left by past human activities.
Erosion: The process by which natural forces wear away soil and rock.
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